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The shrinkage rate of textile fabrics varies depending on the specific type. The fabrics with the smallest shrinkage rate are synthetic fibers and blended fabrics, while the fabrics with the largest shrinkage rate are synthetic cotton, synthetic wool fabrics, and viscose fibers.
The shrinkage rate of some fabrics is as follows:
No.
Type
Shrinkage
1
Cotton
4%--10%
2
Chemical fiber
4%--8%
3
Cotton and polyester
3.5%--5.5%
4
Natural white cloth
3%
5
Blue nankeen
3-4%
6
Poplin
3-4.5%
7
Cotton print
3-3.5%
8
Twill
4%
9
Denim
10%
10
Artificial cotton
10%
Reasons affecting shrinkage rate:
1. Differences in fabric density
Different fabric densities can lead to varying shrinkage rates. Textiles with high warp density tend to experience greater shrinkage in the warp direction, while fabrics with higher weft density tend to experience greater shrinkage in the weft direction.
2. Differences in fabric raw materials
Different fabric raw materials can lead to varying shrinkage rates. In general, materials with high moisture absorption have a higher shrinkage rate, while synthetic fiber fabrics with poor moisture absorption have a lower shrinkage rate.
3. Differences in fabric production processes
The different production processes of fabrics can lead to different shrinkage rates. During the weaving and dyeing process of fabrics, the fibers need to be stretched multiple times, and the processing time is long. The shrinkage rate of fabrics with high tension is higher.
4. Differences in production and processing processes
The differences in production and processing processes can lead to varying shrinkage rates. Because fabrics are stretched by production machines during dyeing, printing, and finishing processes, tension is generated on the fabric. However, when the fabric comes into contact with water, the tension is easily relieved. Therefore, in actual production processes, pre shrinkage is generally used to address this issue.
5. Differences in fabric structure
Different fabric structures can lead to varying shrinkage rates. The stability of knitted fabrics is inferior to the dimensional stability of woven fabrics.
6. Differences in yarn count thickness of fabrics
The different thickness of fabric yarn can lead to different shrinkage rates. Generally, fabrics with thicker yarn count have a higher shrinkage rate.
7. Impact of washing and care process
The washing and care process can affect the shrinkage rate of the fabric. During the washing, drying, and ironing processes, each step can affect the shrinkage of the fabric. Usually, the higher the temperature, the poorer the stability. Additionally, selecting an appropriate ironing temperature based on the composition of the fabric can also improve its shrinkage.
8. Differences in fiber composition
The difference in fiber composition can lead to different shrinkage rates. Compared with synthetic fibers such as polyester, plant regenerated fibers such as viscose and natural plant fibers such as cotton and linen are more prone to moisture absorption and expansion, resulting in a higher shrinkage rate.
Therefore, the following machines can be used to detect the shrinkage rate of fabrics:
1. AC13 Automatic Wascator Shrinkage Tester
2. AC15 Shrinkage Template And Ruler
Anything inquiry please contact us as below:
Email: sales@avenotester.com
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Jan 16, 2025Experimental principle: It can detect the abrasion and pilling performance of various fabrics. Under a certain pressure, the sample and the specified abrasive are continuously rubbed against each other in a certain geometric pattern, and the abrasion and pilling degree are evaluated by comparing with the standard parameters. Touch screen control, equipped with a full-featured programmer, can pre-program batch and total counts, set the count of each test head separately; multiple speeds including standard speed can be selected. Experimental sample preparation: 1. Use a sampler to cut three specimens with a diameter of 38 mm from the sample. 2. Before testing, the specimens should be placed in an environment of 21±1℃ and 65±2% and humidified according to D1776. ASTM D4970 Martindale Abrasion Tester Experimental steps: 1. All test processes are completed under standard atmosphere. 2. Place a piece of 140mm diameter felt and 140mm standard friction cloth on each grinding table in turn, use a heavy hammer to flatten the friction cloth and felt (make sure there are no wrinkles, if it is not flat, repeat the above process), and fix the ring. (Fix the abrasive so that the warp and weft yarns of the woven fabric are parallel to the frame of the machine). 3. Clamp the sample with the sample clamp and make it face down. If the sample is lighter than 500g/m2, place 38mm polyurethane foam between the sample and the sample clamp. If the sample is heavier than 500g/m2, there is no need to place foam. 4. Place the sample clamp on the grinding table and apply the required pressure. For wearing fabrics, a pressure of 9±0.2kpa should be applied, and for decorative fabrics, a pressure of 12±0.3kpa should be applied. 5. The counter needs to be adjusted to zero, preset the appropriate number of times, and start the machine. 6. After the instrument stops, take out the sample to observe and evaluate its progress, estimate the number of times required to continue the experiment, and when approaching the end of the experiment, reduce the number of frictions between two inspections. It is necessary to carefully remove the hair particles produced by the sample during the test. 7. Experiment termination conditions: 1) Woven fabrics are worn until two or more yarns are broken, and knitted fabrics are worn until a hole is broken. 2) The experiment can be considered terminated when the color of the sample is worn away or its appearance is deformed, which will cause consumer complaints. 3) The experiment is terminated when the degree of color fading can be compared with the AATCC gray scale for color change to level 3. 4) It is determined by the percentage of mass loss before and after the sample is rubbed. 8. Record the number of frictions at the end of the experiment. Experimental report: 1. Reference standard, instrument model, experimental method and pressure used 2. Record the content according to the selected experimental termination conditions. 3. The average number of fr...
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