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Fabrics are products made of yarn (thread) or fiber, mainly including woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics. Woven fabrics are products made of two groups of mutually perpendicular yarns (threads) interwoven on the loom, such as common plain cloth, gabardine, khaki, satin, etc. The yarn arranged along the length of the fabric is called warp, and the yarn arranged along the width of the fabric is called weft. By changing the raw materials, thickness and organizational structure of the yarn or using different colored yarns to cooperate with each other, different warp and weft yarns are interwoven with each other, and fabrics of different styles and uses can be woven. These fabrics can be divided into clothing fabrics, decorative fabrics and industrial fabrics.
A. Classification of woven fabrics for clothing
Woven fabrics for clothing are usually classified according to whether the raw material yarn is dyed or not, fabric pattern and width.
1. According to the type of raw materials
(1) Pure textile fabrics: The warp and weft yarns are all fabrics made of the same fiber raw material, such as cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, wool fabrics, silk fabrics, etc.
(2) Blended fabric: warp and weft yarns are fabrics made of yarns mixed with two or more fibers, such as polyester / cotton fabrics, wool / polyester fabrics, polyester / linen fabrics, wool / polyester / nitrile fabrics and medium length fabrics.
(3) Interwoven fabrics: fabrics made of different raw material yarns for warp and weft, such as silk-wool interlacing, cotton and viscose filament interlacing, silk and viscose filament interlacing and other interwoven fabrics.
(4) Interlaced fabric: The warp and weft yarns are woven from two or more different raw materials combined with synthetic strands.
2. Classification according to whether the yarn is dyed or not
(1) Natural color fabric: the yarn is processed into fabric without bleaching and dyeing, which is directly sold or processed into finished products after dyeing and printing.
(2) Yarn dyed fabric: a fabric made of bleached and dyed yarn.
3. Classification by fabric pattern
(1) Plain fabrics: fabrics without patterns, such as various plain fabrics, twill fabrics, satin fabrics, etc.
(2) Small patterned fabric: the pattern fabric with small area is formed on the fabric through the change of fabric structure, such as various tweeds.
(3) Jacquard fabrics: fabrics with a wide range of patterns formed by controlling a single warp, such as floral satin.
4. According to the width of fabric, it can be divided into wide fabric, narrow fabric and belt fabric.
B. Classification of decorative woven fabrics
Decorative fabrics are available in a wide variety, usually divided by application.
(1) Bedding: such as quilt cover, quilt cover, bed sheet, towel quilt, pillow towel, etc.
(2) Furniture cloth: such as sofa cover, chair cover, etc.
(3) Indoor articles: such as curtain cloth, wall covering, carpet, curtain fabric, etc.
(4) Dining room and toilet articles: such as tablecloth, towel, bath towel, etc.
C. Industrial woven fabrics
Industrial woven fabrics are increasing with the development of the industry. The woven fabrics used in various industries are listed as follows:
(1) For primary industry: such as agricultural hose, fishing canvas, tarpaulin, etc.
(2) For the secondary industry: such as cord fabrics, conveyor belts, Geotextiles for building roads and dams, various rubber soles, filter fabrics, screens, paper-making blankets, etc. used for manufacturing tires.
(3) For tertiary industry: parachute cloth, artificial blood vessel, etc.
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Aug 17, 2022Clothes stained during washing or soaking? I believe that everyone is familiar with this situation, and many people should have encountered such embarrassing things. This is due to the mixed washing of dark and light-colored clothes, the fading of dark-colored clothes and dyeing on light-colored clothes, resulting in staining of light-colored clothes, or the mutual staining of dark and light colors on a piece of clothing after washing. In response to this phenomenon, there is a professional name in textiles: splicing and mutual dyeing. Test methods for testing the interdyeing of textiles by splicing, namely the washing method and the soaking method. The washing method The sample is placed in the specified washing solution, mechanically stirred according to the specified bath ratio, time and temperature, then washed and dried, and the staining of the light-colored sample is evaluated with a staining gray card or an instrument. The soaking method The sample is placed in the specified washing solution, and after treatment, it is placed between two flat plates with a specified pressure in the test device. After cleaning and drying, the staining of the light-colored sample is evaluated with Gray scale for color staining or an instrument. Sample preparation: 1. The sample is a ready-made garment. Cut a piece of dark and light-colored fabrics, 4×10cm, and sew them along the short side to form a combined sample. 2. Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01g. 3. Add detergent according to the sample weight. The sampling and soap solution configuration of the two methods are the same, the only difference is the test equipment and operating procedures. Test Instruments The washing method: Wash Colour Fastness Tester The soaking method: Precision Drying Oven Operating procedure The washing method 1. Put the sample and test solution into the container 2. Put the container into the machine, set the temperature to 40 degrees, and test it for 30 minutes. 3. Take out the sample and rinse it with running water until it is clean. The soaking method 1. Put the sample and test solution into the container, press and move from time to time to completely soak the sample, take out the sample and place it on the Perspiration Tester, and apply a pressure of 5000g. 2. Put the loaded sample into the Precision Drying Oven, the temperature is 37 degrees, for 4 hours, take out the combined sample, and rinse it with running water until it is clean. The test temperature of the washing method is 3°C higher than that of the soaking method. In terms of test time, the washing method requires 30 minutes and the soaking method is 4H. After the test is completed, after rinsing the test, it is necessary to absorb excess water with filter paper and hang it to dry. The samples tested by the two methods are evaluated by Gray scale for color staining. From the test results, the stain level of the soaking method is much more serious than that of the washing method. Color Fastness Test Machines abo...
Jul 31, 2022In the process of wearing and using fabrics, different degrees of pilling will occur. So how can we reduce the pilling of our fabrics? Spinning process During the spinning process, the fibers in the twisting triangle area undergo repeated internal and external transfer due to uneven force, causing the head end, tail end or middle part of most fibers to protrude from the yarn body, forming hairiness. In order to reduce the hairiness, the textile mill rationally mixes cotton, optimizes the process, adopts advanced textile technology according to its own conditions, and tries to control the occurrence of hairiness within the scope of its ability. Weaving process The organizational structure of knitted fabrics has a great influence on pilling, and the tight organization is less prone to pilling than the loose organization. Dyeing and finishing process Singeing: Singeing is a great way to reduce hairiness and reduce pilling. Adjustment of technical parameters: After the dyeing and finishing technology is determined, parameters such as bath ratio time can be adjusted appropriately, for example, the bath ratio can be appropriately increased or the technical curve can be improved to shorten the time. Use of auxiliaries: Anti-pilling agents can be added during the bleaching process. The softener is added during the dyeing process to reduce the mixed friction between the yarns and between the fabric and the dyeing machine, and at the same time, it can control the leakage of the fibers from the end of the yarn, thereby reducing the chance of pilling. Hairiness appressing method: The hairiness appressing method is to use mechanical and physical and chemical methods to make the hairiness tightly adhere to the surface of the fabric, so as to reduce feathers and reduce pilling. Specifically, the use of resin auxiliaries or chemical adhesives, through rolling, makes the hairiness lodged and fixed on the surface of the yarn. Through the above methods, the pilling can be improved to a certain extent. Reducing pilling is a systematic project, and it is recommended to take comprehensive measures in the production process of fiber production, spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing. AVENO related Abrasion and pilling tester: Please click: Abrasion and pilling tester Contact Us Now! Sales Dept Tel: +86 15280858852 Email: sales@avenotester.com Skype: sales@avenotester.com Web: www.avenotester.com
Jul 26, 2022Laboratory Wringer suitable for testing the liquid content of small cloth samples in the textile printing and dyeing and finishing process in the laboratory. 1. Operation steps of Laboratory Padder: 1) Items to be confirmed before operation: Confirm whether the power supply meets the requirements. Whether the water collecting tray is installed and whether the internal residual liquid is poured out. Whether the Lab Wringer (Padder) is stable. 2. Plug in the power plug and connect the power supply. 3. Install a weight of appropriate weight on the weight base. 4. Press the start button to start the Lab Wringer (Padder), and the drum starts to rotate. 5. Place one end of the sample flat at the joint of the two rollers. 6. The roller drives the sample to rotate backward, and at the same time, it removes excess water. 7. After the end of the sample is removed from the rear of the drum, grasp the end of the sample and move with the sample. 8. Take the sample after the sample comes out completely from the rear. 9. Press the stop button to turn off the power and remove the water collected in the water collecting pan. AVENO Machine Recommend: AC31 Laboratory Wringer Contact Us Now! Sales Dept Tel: +86 15280858852 Email: sales@avenotester.com Skype: sales@avenotester.com Web: www.avenotester.com
Jun 17, 2022Fabrics are products made of yarn (thread) or fiber, mainly including woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics. Woven fabrics are products made of two groups of mutually perpendicular yarns (threads) interwoven on the loom, such as common plain cloth, gabardine, khaki, satin, etc. The yarn arranged along the length of the fabric is called warp, and the yarn arranged along the width of the fabric is called weft. By changing the raw materials, thickness and organizational structure of the yarn or using different colored yarns to cooperate with each other, different warp and weft yarns are interwoven with each other, and fabrics of different styles and uses can be woven. These fabrics can be divided into clothing fabrics, decorative fabrics and industrial fabrics. A. Classification of woven fabrics for clothing Woven fabrics for clothing are usually classified according to whether the raw material yarn is dyed or not, fabric pattern and width. 1. According to the type of raw materials (1) Pure textile fabrics: The warp and weft yarns are all fabrics made of the same fiber raw material, such as cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, wool fabrics, silk fabrics, etc. (2) Blended fabric: warp and weft yarns are fabrics made of yarns mixed with two or more fibers, such as polyester / cotton fabrics, wool / polyester fabrics, polyester / linen fabrics, wool / polyester / nitrile fabrics and medium length fabrics. (3) Interwoven fabrics: fabrics made of different raw material yarns for warp and weft, such as silk-wool interlacing, cotton and viscose filament interlacing, silk and viscose filament interlacing and other interwoven fabrics. (4) Interlaced fabric: The warp and weft yarns are woven from two or more different raw materials combined with synthetic strands. 2. Classification according to whether the yarn is dyed or not (1) Natural color fabric: the yarn is processed into fabric without bleaching and dyeing, which is directly sold or processed into finished products after dyeing and printing. (2) Yarn dyed fabric: a fabric made of bleached and dyed yarn. 3. Classification by fabric pattern (1) Plain fabrics: fabrics without patterns, such as various plain fabrics, twill fabrics, satin fabrics, etc. (2) Small patterned fabric: the pattern fabric with small area is formed on the fabric through the change of fabric structure, such as various tweeds. (3) Jacquard fabrics: fabrics with a wide range of patterns formed by controlling a single warp, such as floral satin. 4. According to the width of fabric, it can be divided into wide fabric, narrow fabric and belt fabric. B. Classification of decorative woven fabrics Decorative fabrics are available in a wide variety, usually divided by application. (1) Bedding: such as quilt cover, quilt cover, bed sheet, towel quilt, pillow towel, etc. (2) Furniture cloth: such as sofa cover, chair cover, etc. (3) Indoor articles: such as curtain cloth, wall covering, carpet, curtain fabric, etc. (4) Dining room and ...
May 27, 2022In order to facilitate the heat dissipation and maintenance of the cabinet, the place where the UV Accelerated Weathering Tester is installed must meet the following conditions. 1. Keep enough maintenance space between the UV testing equipment and adjacent walls or other equipment after installation; 2．In order to stably play the function and performance of the test equipment, the place where the annual temperature is 15 °C ~ 28 °C and the relative humidity is not more than 85% should be selected; 3. The ambient temperature of the installation site should not change drastically 4．It should be installed on a level ground (the level is determined on the ground when installed); 5. It should be installed in a place without direct sunlight 6．It should be installed in a well-ventilated place 7. It should be installed away from combustibles, explosives and high temperature heat sources 8．It should be installed in places with less dust 9. Install as close as possible to the power supply AVENO Machine Recommend: AG19 UV Accelerated Weathering Tester Contact Us Now! Sales Dept Tel: +86 15280858852 Email: sales@avenotester.com Skype: sales@avenotester.com Web: www.avenotester.com
May 13, 2022In order to the accuracy of experimental data and the normal operation of experimental instruments, the daily maintenance of laboratory instruments is of great significance. The laboratory should formulate a reasonable maintenance plan according to the use conditions of different instruments. A reasonable maintenance plan can improve the accuracy and functionality of laboratory testing equipment, reduce the failure rate, improve the use rate and prolong the service life of equipment. Laboratory equipment managers should be familiar with the working principle of each instrument and understand the functionality and working mode of each component of each instrument and equipment, so as to formulate maintenance contents for the functional components of the instrument. Generally, the common maintenance contents are as follows: 1. Check the appearance and operation of functional components 2. Cleaning 3. Add lubricating oil, antirust oil, etc 4. Replace consumables / accessories General principles for selecting maintenance intervals and times Equipment maintenance is aimed at all the instruments in the laboratory: 1. Determine the frequency of the cycle according to the working principle of the instrument and the frequency of use; 2. Appropriately relax or shorten the maintenance cycle according to the harsh environment of the equipment; 3. Cooperate with the equipment period inspection. Generally speaking, equipment maintenance should be arranged before each equipment period inspection to ensure that the equipment is in the best condition during the period inspection. The routine maintenance of general equipment can be controlled at about twice a year. Under special circumstances or special equipment, flexible maintenance shall be carried out according to the specific actual situation: 1. The equipment with periodic replacement of consumables shall flexibly grasp the cycle according to the specific replacement cycle; 2. For the equipment working in the unavoidable harsh environment, the maintenance times shall be appropriately increased according to the actual situation without affecting the test; 3. It is recommended to arrange a maintenance before the equipment is checked during the period; 4. For equipment with high frequency of use, the number of maintenance shall be appropriately increased. Routine maintenance of common laboratory testing instruments 1. ICI Pilling and Snagging Tester Regularly wipe the surface of the cork liner with a trace amount of methanol, clean the roller box before and after the test, check whether the cork liner falls off and whether there are sharp objects on the surface, and regularly clean the exposed parts of the rotating shaft and bearings to prevent fiber residues and yarn residues. On the bearing, the rotation of the roller box is stuck and the rotation speed is abnormal. After confirming that there is no residue on the rotating shaft and the bearing, add lubricating oil. More about AVENO AG05 ICI Pilling and Snagg...
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